Age Group: 3-4 Years

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Age group: 4-5 years

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Age group: 6+ years

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All children are different, and the development of skills occurs on a continuum. Most skills develop in the same order but the age they happen can vary, even for children in the same family.

Some children have great balance and coordination but have difficulty with handwriting, others have well developed language skills but find it hard to sit still and concentrate for a sufficient length of time.  Some children just require extra time to develop skills while others benefit from intervention by an occupational therapist.

An Occupational Therapist will look at the child’s ability to function in the home and school environments.  The following checklists provide a guide to help you determine if your child would benefit from occupational therapy intervention.

Checklists
Intervention may be required if a child is experiencing a number of difficulties in the following areas:

Age Group: 3-4 Years

  • Immature pencil grasp affecting pencil skills
  • Pencil pressure on paper too light/heavy
  • Difficulties with pencil control eg. colouring in (beginning to stay within the lines)
  • Does not use non-preferred hand to assist/stabilise
  • Avoids fine motor activities (eg. drawing, cutting)
  • Does not demonstrate consistent hand preference
  • Slow to complete work
  • Holds head close to paper when working
  • Hand tremor
  • Difficulty with activities requiring rhythm and coordination eg. clapping games
  • Difficulty with dressing, eating, toileting, managing school bag etc.
  • Problems with ball skills eg. throwing/catching/kicking
  • Difficulty using playground equipment, riding a tricycle or bicycle (with trainer wheels)
  • Stumbles/falls frequently or is fearful when feet leave the ground
  • Unable to balance on one foot (around 3-5 seconds) or walk “heel-toe”
  • Difficulty walking upstairs using alternating feet
  • Dislikes “moving” playground equipment eg. swings, trampoline
  • Dislikes being touched, getting hands dirty and/or playing with sand/Playdough/paints/glue etc.
  • Slow to learn or master new skills

Cognitive/Perceptual

  • Difficulty matching/telling the difference between colours, sizes and shapes
  • Difficulty completing formboards (jigsaws in a frame), or jigsaws of 7-9 pieces
  • Difficulty copying or imitating simple shapes eg. I, -, O, + (by 4years), zig-zag lines
  • Difficulty copying name
  • Lacks body awareness eg. ability to draw a simple person, name body parts; has difficulty with body in space awareness eg. bumps into things
  • Seems to understand verbal instructions but cannot complete the task

Behaviour

  • Inappropriate/immature behaviour eg. excessive tantrums
  • Difficulties with attention/concentration and listening skills
  • Overactive
  • Reluctant to try new and/or challenging tasks
  • Low self esteem
  • Difficulties getting along with peers
  • Difficulty separating from carers

Age Group: 4-5 Years

Motor/Sensory

  • Immature pencil grasp affecting pencil skills
  • Pencil pressure on paper too light/heavy
  • Difficulties with pencil control eg. colouring in, drawing lines/shapes, dot-to-dots
  • Holds head close to paper when working
  • Does not use non-preferred hand to assist/stabilise
  • Avoids fine motor activities (eg. drawing, cutting)
  • Does not demonstrate consistent hand preference
  • Slow to complete work
  • Hand tremor
  • Difficulty with hand action songs
  • Difficulty with activities requiring rhythm and coordination eg. clapping games
  • Difficulty with dressing, eating, toileting, managing school bag etc.
  • Problems with ball skills eg. throwing/catching/kicking
  • Difficulty using playground equipment, riding a bicycle (with/without trainer wheels)
  • Stumbles/falls frequently or is fearful when feet leave the ground
  • Difficulty with balance activities
  • Difficulty walking upstairs using alternating feet
  • Dislikes “moving” playground equipment eg. swings, trampoline
  • Dislikes being touched, getting hands dirty and/or playing with sand/Playdough/paints/glue etc.
  • Slow to learn or master new skills

Cognitive/Perceptual

  • Difficulty matching/telling the difference between colours, sizes and shapes
  • Difficulty completing puzzles eg. jigsaws
  • Difficulty writing name / forming letters / copying shapes
  • Lacks body awareness eg. ability to draw a simple person, name body parts; has poor body in space awareness eg. bumps into things
  • Seems to understand verbal instructions but cannot complete the task

Behaviour

  • Inappropriate/immature behaviour eg. excessive tantrums
  • Difficulties with attention/concentration and listening skills
  • Over active or under-aroused
  • Reluctant to try new and/or challenging tasks
  • Low self esteem
  • Difficulties getting along with peers
  • Difficulty separating from carers

Age Group: 6+ Years

Motor/Sensory

  • Immature pencil grasp affecting pencil skills
  • Pencil pressure on paper too light/heavy
  • Difficulties with pencil control eg. messy handwriting and colouring
  • Does not use non-preferred hand to assist/stabilise
  • Difficulty with cut & paste and construction activities
  • Problems with ruling/folding paper neatly
  • Avoids fine motor activities (eg. drawing, cutting)
  • Does not demonstrate consistent hand preference
  • Slow to complete work
  • Holds head close to paper when working
  • Keeps work to one side
  • Disorganised
  • Hand tremor
  • Slow to learn or master new skills
  • Difficulty with hand action songs
  • Difficulty with dressing, eating, toileting, managing school bag etc.
  • Problems with ball skills eg. throwing/catching/kicking
  • Problems with balance activities
  • Difficulty using playground equipment, riding a bicycle
  • Stumbles/falls frequently or is fearful when feet leave the ground
  • Dislikes “moving” playground equipment eg. swings, trampoline
  • Dislikes being touched, getting hands dirty and/or playing with sand/Playdough/paints/glue etc.

Cognitive / Perceptual

  • Difficulty copying from the blackboard
  • Frequent letter/number reversals
  • Difficulty with spacing/placement of letters on the line when handwriting
  • Difficulty reading (may be language related)
  • Problems with body awareness eg. bumps into people/objects
  • Seems to understand, verbal instructions but cannot complete the task

Behaviour

  • Inappropriate/immature behaviour
  • Difficulties with attention/concentration and listening skills
  • Overactive/under-aroused
  • Reluctant to try new and/or challenging tasks
  • Difficulties getting along with peers